Question

Spindle apparatus is made of cytoskeletal structures called

Answer 1

The spindle apparatus consists of microtubules, which include kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules, essential for eukaryotic cell division. These microtubules are made of alpha and beta-tubulin polymers forming hollow cylinders originating from the centrosome or MTOC.

Step-by-step explanation:

Spindle Apparatus and its Cytoskeletal Structures

The spindle apparatus is a critical structure for cell division in eukaryotic cells and is composed of cytoskeletal structures known as microtubules. There are two main kinds of microtubules involved in the spindle apparatus: kinetochore microtubules and non-kinetochore microtubules.

Kinetochore microtubules attach to the kinetochore, the protein structure on the chromosomes' centromeres, facilitating the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Meanwhile, non-kinetochore microtubules aid in the elongation of the cell. The microtubules are made up of polymers of alpha and beta-tubulin which form hollow cylinder structures that originate from an area called the centrosome in animal cells, or the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in plant cells.

Microtubules play several essential roles within the cell, such as maintaining cell shape, enabling organelle movement, and composing parts of cilia and flagella. They are also involved in processes such as the formation of spindle fibers which emerge during mitosis to assist in the separation of chromatids.

Answer 2

The spindle apparatus consists of microtubules, which are cytoskeletal structures made up of alpha and beta-tubulin. These microtubules play a crucial role in the formation of spindle fibers during cell division in eukaryotic cells, connecting and helping separate sister chromatids.

Step-by-step explanation:

The spindle apparatus is made of cytoskeletal structures called microtubules. These are composed of polymers of alpha and beta-tubulin, which come together to form hollow cylinders that are necessary for the process of cell division. The microtubules emanate from an area near the nucleus known as the centrosome in animal cells or the Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) in plant cells. In mitosis, these spindle fibers include two types of microtubules: kinetochore microtubules that attach to the chromatids, and non-kinetochore microtubules that help in the elongation of the cell.

During cell division, specifically in mitosis and meiosis, the spindle fibers form as duplicated chromosomes condense and attach at their centromeres, forming sister chromatids.

The kinetochore microtubules connect the chromatids to the spindle's poles, aiding in their separation during anaphase. Centrioles in animal cells and MTOCs in plant cells serve as organizing centers for the spindle fibers' formation. The morphological transformations in the spindle are critical for the successful division of eukaryotic cells.