Final answer:
To match the letters in the illustration with correct enzymes, pepsin is likely A if indicating the stomach, salivary amylase fits B for mouth, and trypsin could be C if illustrating the small intestine.
Pepsin and salivary amylase aid in the digestion of proteins and starches, respectively, while trypsin continues protein digestion in the small intestine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Digestive Enzymes
When matching the letters in the illustration with the appropriate enzymes, we must consider where these enzymes are active and what they digest. Based on the information provided:
- Pepsin (1) is produced in the stomach and helps break down proteins into amino acids. It would match with letter A if the illustration corresponds to the stomach.
- Salivary amylase (3) is found in the mouth and starts the digestion of starches turning them into smaller sugars. If the illustration includes the mouth, then it would correspond to letter B.
- Trypsin (5) is secreted by the pancreas and works in the small intestine to further break down proteins into peptides. Hence, it could be letter C if the illustration involves the small intestine.
Further, pepsin's substrate is protein, and it works by cleaving the peptide bonds contributed by aromatic amino acids like tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine to speed up protein digestion.
The products of the reaction that pepsin catalyzes are smaller peptide chains and amino acids.
Salivary amylase acts on cooked starch in the mouth, but it is deactivated in the stomach due to the acidic pH and presence of pepsin. This shows a part of the regulation of digestive enzymes in the body.
To answer question 3, Figure 34.19, option C is true because bile indeed emulsifies lipids in the small intestine.
Lastly, two digestive enzymes found in saliva are salivary amylase and lingual lipase, which digest carbohydrates and lipids, respectively.
Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and its functions include emulsifying fats, aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and helping in the elimination of waste products.