Final answer:
A macromolecule complex decreases the free energy of the system, sequential pathways can drive unfavorable reactions, the cytosol is an aqueous solution, and smaller molecules diffuse faster in the cytosol than in water.
Step-by-step explanation:
A. False. When two macromolecules form a complex, the free energy of the system decreases because there is a net decrease in the amount of order in the cell. The formation of a complex between macromolecules usually involves the release of water molecules and the formation of new bonds, which results in a more stable and less ordered state.
B. True. Sequential pathways can help drive unfavorable reactions by siphoning off the products into the next energetically favorable reaction in the series. This allows the overall reaction to proceed in a thermodynamically favorable direction.
C. False. The cytosol is not densely packed with molecules, creating more of an aqueous solution than a gel. While there are many molecules present in the cytosol, there is still enough water present to maintain a relatively low viscosity, allowing for the movement of molecules and organelles.
D. False. The diffusion rates for smaller molecules in the cytosol are generally higher than what is observed for the same molecules in water. The cytosol is a more crowded and complex environment, which can hinder the movement of larger molecules but not smaller molecules.