Final answer:
The statement is true (option A) ; there are two main types of electron microscopy: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which images internal structures, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which images the surface characteristics of specimens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that there are two major types of electron microscopy: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is true. TEM uses an electron beam that passes through a thin specimen to provide detailed images of internal structures, down to individual atoms with very high magnifications. This technique can achieve resolutions as small as 0.1 nm, and, operating akin to optical microscopes, it requires a thin sample examined in a vacuum.
On the other hand, SEM utilizes a beam of electrons that scans across the surface of a specimen, reflecting back to render impressive details of surface characteristics. It provides a three-dimensional representation of the sample's surface and can magnify up to 100,000 times (100,000X) while providing resolutions between 3.0 and 20.0 nm. While both provide high-resolution images, they serve different purposes, greatly enriching our understanding of cellular and molecular structures.