Final answer:
The correct statement for all organisms is that they perform cellular respiration using oxygen and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis. The process of ATP generation is universal, although some organisms can also obtain ATP through anaerobic pathways. The unity of metabolic processes across diverse life forms indicates a common evolutionary origin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Cellular Respiration and Energy Harvesting in Organisms
Among the statements provided, the correct assertion is b. All organisms perform cellular respiration using oxygen and glucose, which are the products of photosynthesis. However, it is important to note that while oxygen is often used, not all organisms are dependent on it. There are organisms capable of anaerobic respiration or fermentation, which do not require oxygen. Nevertheless, the key aspect of metabolism across diverse life forms is the extraction of energy from the environment, mainly in the form of carbohydrates like glucose, to synthesize ATP, the universal energy currency of cells.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration play complementary roles in the energy cycles of ecosystems. Photosynthesis uses light energy, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water to create glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, water, and CO2. This harmonious cycle allows for the continuous flow of energy and matter, ensuring the sustenance of life on Earth.
It is intriguing that despite the vast diversity of life and metabolic complexity, all life forms share some common metabolic pathways. This is evidence of a shared ancient ancestor and underlines the unity of life in terms of metabolic processes. Throughout evolution, while metabolic pathways have diverged, the central aim remains the same: to harness environmental energy and convert it into ATP for cellular functions.