Final answer:
A frameshift mutation is a genetic alteration caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides, disrupting the reading frame of a gene and potentially destroying protein function. The correct answer to the question is 'e. All of the above are correct.'
Step-by-step explanation:
A frameshift mutation refers to a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.
This type of mutation alters the reading frame or the triplet code of the DNA sequence, which can significantly affect protein synthesis.
Such mutations can lead to the following consequences:
- Addition of one or more nucleotides (insertions)
- Deletion of one or more nucleotides
- Disruption of the reading frame of a gene
- Destruction of a protein's ability to function properly
Therefore, the correct option that defines a frameshift mutation is 'e. All of the above are correct.'