Final answer:
The four management functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, aligning with governmental purposes of directing society, meeting social needs, maintaining law and order, and managing international relations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The core management functions, according to the four-function approach, are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning is fundamental, as it involves setting goals, establishing strategies, and developing plans to coordinate activities. Organizing follows planning and entails the distribution of resources and the assignment of tasks to achieve the set goals effectively.
Next is leading, or directing, which is the function that stimulates high performance by employees through motivation, communication, and leadership styles. Finally, controlling is the function that ensures events conform to plans. It involves monitoring activities, measuring performance, and making adjustments where necessary.
These four management functions are essential in both governmental and business contexts. Within a government setting, functionalism suggests that the government's purposes align with these functions: planning and directing society aligns with planning; meeting social needs corresponds to organizing; maintaining law and order connects with leading; and managing international relations relates to controlling. All aspects within this functionalist framework serve a purpose and contribute to a stable society.