Final answer:
The statement is TRUE as transcription in eukaryotes involves copying just one gene from the template DNA strand to synthesize mRNA, while replication involves copying both DNA strands of the entire chromosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'In eukaryotes transcription copies just one gene from one DNA strand, but replication copies both strands of an entire chromosome' is TRUE. During transcription in eukaryotes, only one of the DNA strands, known as the template strand, is used to synthesize mRNA, and this process is gene-specific. In contrast, replication is the process where the whole DNA is duplicated, including both strands of the entire chromosome, to ensure that each new cell gets an exact copy of the genome.