Final answer:
Chaperones, also known as chaperonins, are proteins that assist in protein folding by preventing polypeptide aggregation, ensuring proper three-dimensional structure and function of other proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protein helpers that assist with protein folding are known as chaperones or chaperonins. During the folding process, they prevent the aggregation of polypeptides that make up the whole protein, ensuring that the protein achieves its proper three-dimensional structure.
These chaperones associate with the target protein and help it to fold correctly, which is crucial for the protein’s function.
Without the assistance of chaperones, the proteins may not fold correctly, especially under abnormal temperature or pH conditions, leading to dysfunctional shapes and loss of function.
Post-folding, chaperones disassociate from the protein, leaving it in its native structure, ready to carry out its biological role.
Misfolded proteins are often associated with various diseases, underscoring the importance of chaperones in the maintenance of cellular health.