Final answer:
Sigma S (Sigma 38) and Sigma 32 (option are the sigma factors used by bacteria to transcribe genes during some stress conditions, with Sigma S associated with stationary phase and osmotic stress responses, and Sigma 32 involved in the heat shock response.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sigmas that can be used to transcribe genes during some stress conditions are Sigma S (also known as Sigma 38) and Sigma 32. Sigma factors are proteins in bacteria that are essential for the initiation of transcription. During standard growth conditions, Sigma 70 (also known as Sigma A in Bacillus subtilis and similar to Sigma D) is the primary sigma factor used by bacteria for transcription.
However, in response to stress, alternative sigma factors like Sigma S and Sigma 32 are employed to transcribe genes necessary for the survival under those conditions. Sigma S is typically associated with the response to stationary phase and osmotic stresses, while Sigma 32 is involved in the heat shock response, helping the bacteria to cope with increased temperatures by inducing the expression of heat shock proteins.