Final answer:
Detergents, like SDS, perform multiple functions including acting as surfactants, denaturing proteins, and solubilizing substances. They help in the removal of dirt and stains, are used in techniques like SDS-PAGE for protein separation, and can break down protein-based food deposits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Detergents, like SDS, perform several functions. One of the main functions of detergents is to act as surfactants, which help in the removal of dirt and stains from surfaces. Surfactants work by reducing the surface tension of water, allowing it to penetrate and dissolve dirt. They also help in emulsifying oils and greases, allowing them to be rinsed away.
Another important function of detergents is to denature proteins. SDS, in particular, denatures proteins and masks their native charges, making them uniformly negatively charged. This property is utilized in techniques like SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), where proteins are separated based on their size.
Detergents also have the ability to solubilize both polar and non-polar substances. This makes them effective for removing a wide range of stains, from food particles to oil and grease. Additionally, some detergents contain enzymes that break down protein-based food deposits, enhancing their cleaning power.