Final answer:
Heat shock proteins (HSP) assist in refolding misfolded proteins, and cells increase their activity during a heat shock to prevent protein damage and maintain cellular function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heat shock proteins (HSP) earned their name because they help refold misfolded proteins. When cells are exposed to increased temperature, known as a 'heat shock', heat shock proteins are activated and released from the NR/HSP complex. The cells also activate transcription of HSP genes. The reason why cells respond to heat shock by increasing the activity of these proteins is to prevent protein damage and maintain cellular function.
Misfolded proteins can occur in various conditions, such as abnormal temperatures or pH levels. These conditions can disrupt the proper folding of proteins, leading to dysfunction and aggregation. Heat shock proteins act as chaperones, assisting in the refolding process of misfolded proteins. By increasing their activity in response to a heat shock, cells ensure that proteins regain their correct shape and maintain their functionality.
Overall, by increasing the activity of heat shock proteins during a heat shock, cells can help prevent protein damage, maintain proper protein function, and ensure the preservation of cellular homeostasis in challenging conditions.