Final answer:
A base pair substitution resulting in the insertion of an incorrect amino acid is termed a missense mutation, which can lead to diseases like sickle-cell due to the changed protein function.
Step-by-step explanation:
A base pair substitution that causes the wrong amino acid to be inserted into a protein is known as a missense mutation. This type of mutation alters the genetic code in such a way that one amino acid is replaced by another, which can result in changes to the protein's function.
An example of a disease caused by a missense mutation is sickle-cell disease. This condition occurs from the substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid due to a change in the DNA sequence from GAG to GTG within the hemoglobin gene.