Final answer:
The four classical virtues are courage, justice, temperance, and wisdom, which were central to the Stoics and influential throughout Western philosophy and discussions on the role of government in virtue cultivation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four classical virtues according to thinkers like Wilson and other political philosophers who have followed the Stoic tradition are courage, justice, temperance, and wisdom. These virtues were prominently discussed by historical figures such as Aristotle, and later expanded upon by Roman Stoics. They believed these virtues were crucial for achieving eudaimonia, or a flourishing life, and for maintaining rational self-control, which was considered paramount. In contemporary discussions, these virtues continue to be influential in debates about character education and the role of government in encouraging virtue. While courage allows individuals to stand up for what is right, justice ensures that they treat others fairly. Temperance, or moderation, keeps one's desires and impulses in check, while wisdom provides the insight necessary to make sound decisions. These virtues were also reflected in Plato's vision for a just state, which required wisdom and courage among its guardians, and discipline and justice among its members.