Final answer:
The cumulative effect of changing the depreciation method on beginning retained earnings is $105,280. The depreciation expense for 2013 is $228,571.43. The correct option is A. $89,600.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cumulative effect of changing the depreciation method on beginning retained earnings can be calculated by finding the difference between the depreciation expense recorded under the straight-line method and the double-declining balance method for the years 2010–2012. The straight-line method recorded a depreciation expense of $80,000 per year from 2010–2012, while the double-declining balance method records a higher depreciation expense for the first year and then decreases each subsequent year.
The depreciation expense for 2013 can be calculated using the double-declining balance method. Since the machine has a remaining useful life of 7 years (10 years minus 3 years), the depreciation expense for 2013 would be ($800,000 / 7) x 2 = $228,571.43.
Therefore, the cumulative effect on beginning retained earnings is ($80,000 x 3) minus $228,571.43 = $105,428.57. The correct answer is c. $105,280.