Final answer:
A hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to specialized cells through differentiation, either as a lymphoid stem cell producing lymphocytes or as a myeloid stem cell producing other blood elements like erythrocytes and leukocytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to further differentiated cells that are specialized for various functions within the blood and immune system. When a hematopoietic stem cell divides, one daughter cell remains a stem cell to ensure the continuation of hemopoiesis. The other daughter cell may differentiate into either a lymphoid or myeloid stem cell.
The lymphoid stem cells produce lymphocytes, which include T cells, B cells, and NK cells, all crucial for immunity. On the other hand, myeloid stem cells give rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells), megakaryocytes for platelet production, and leukocytes (white blood cells) such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Hemopoiesis continues throughout adulthood, providing a continuous supply of these necessary formed elements to replace old or damaged cells. This vital process occurs in the red bone marrow but can also take place in other organs like the liver and spleen during extramedullary hemopoiesis if the bone marrow becomes compromised.