Final answer:
The animal with a lobulated appearance to the kidneys is the cow (option b) . This distinctive kidney structure is suited to their complex digestive process as herbivores. Llamas are the only listed animals not originating from the Old World, and mammals have a unique renal physiology featuring the loop of Henle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The animal with a lobulated appearance to the kidneys is the cow (b). Cows have multiple lobes in their kidneys, making them appear lobulated, unlike the kidneys of cats, horses, and monkeys which are more smooth and bean-shaped. This lobulated structure in cows is associated with their complex digestive systems and herbivorous diet, which requires efficient processing and elimination of waste products.
Regarding the various information provided, it's important to note that social complexity and brain cortical folding might have some correlation across different animal species, such as with dolphins. Additionally, among the listed animals, llamas are the only ones that did not originate in the Old World (Europe, Africa, or Asia). Mammals are distinctive in their renal physiology, having a portion of the nephron known as the loop of Henle, which allows them to concentrate urine more effectively than the blood. This is not related to the renal portal system, which is absent in mammals but present in other vertebrates except for jawless fishes. Finally, all mammals have a urinary bladder.