Question

A dog is presented and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What would you expect to find in the urine sample?

a. Casts
b. Ketones
c. Bacteria
d. Proteins

Answer 1

In a urine sample of a dog with diabetes mellitus, you would expect to find ketones, indicating the use of fat for energy instead of glucose due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance.

Step-by-step explanation:

If a dog is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, in the urine sample, you would expect to find ketones. Ketones are byproducts of fat metabolism that indicate the body is using fat as an energy source instead of glucose, due to either a lack of insulin in type I diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance in type II diabetes mellitus. As a result, glucose remains in the bloodstream, and the cells resort to burning fat, leading to an overproduction of ketones. These are then excreted in the urine, a condition known as ketonuria.

This can also cause a decrease in blood pH, a state referred to as diabetic ketoacidosis. Additionally, since glucose is not being taken up by the cells, it can also spill into the urine (glucosuria), which can be detected by tests such as the Benedict's test.

Answer 2

In a dog diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, ketones would be expected in the urine due to the body using fats instead of glucose for energy, indicating the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Step-by-step explanation:

If a dog is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, you would expect to find ketones in the urine sample. In diabetes mellitus, due to insufficient insulin or insulin resistance, glucose cannot be effectively utilized by the body's cells for energy.

As a result, the body turns to metabolize fats for energy, which leads to the production of ketones. Ketones are byproducts of fat metabolism and their presence in urine, a condition known as ketonuria, is indicative of the body using fats rather than glucose for energy.

The excess production of ketones can lead to a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis, which is potentially life-threatening and requires prompt medical attention.