Final answer:
Glucosuria is the presence of excess glucose in the urine, which occurs when the blood glucose level exceeds the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption. The correct answer to the student's question is glucosuria .
Step-by-step explanation:
During the urine formation process, there are three main stages:
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. These processes take place in the glomerulus and renal tubules. Glucosuria occurs when the filtrate's glucose concentration exceeds the renal tubules' ability to reabsorb glucose back into the bloodstream, causing excess glucose to spill into the urine.
Glomerular filtration allows small substances like water, electrolytes, and glucose to pass through the glomerulus into the filtrate. The renal tubules work to reabsorb needed substances back into the blood. However, there is a limit to how much the tubules can reabsorb, referred to as the threshold for resorption. Once this threshold is exceeded, as is the case with the glucose in people with uncontrolled diabetes, the excess is passed into the urine, resulting in glucosuria.