Final answer:
The presence of red blood cells in urine is known as hematuria, which can indicate conditions like nephritis or kidney stones. It is distinct from conditions like hemoglobinuria, where only hemoglobin is found, and anuria, where there is no urine excretion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of red blood cells in urine is referred to as hematuria. Hematuria is a condition observed in various situations such as nephritis, trauma, tuberculosis of the kidney, and kidney stones. On a microscopic examination of urine, both RBCs (red blood cells) and WBCs (white blood cells) may be found. This is different from hemoglobinuria, where only hemoglobin is present without the red blood cells, often observed in diseases like malaria or typhoid. The presence of hemoglobin without intact red blood cells is not indicative of hematuria. Hematuria can also provide crucial information during urinalysis, offering clues to renal disease.
The presence of blood in urine can alter the urine color, which is mostly determined by the breakdown products of RBC destruction such as urochrome. Other conditions, such as anuria (no urine excretion) or myoglobinuria (presence of myoglobin in urine), are unrelated to the presence of intact red blood cells in urine. Therefore, based on the options provided and the definitions, the mention of the correct option in the final answer for the presence of red blood cells in urine is hematuria (option c).