Final answer:
Urine passes from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder through the ureters, which are muscular tubes lined with transitional epithelium designed to move urine effectively to the bladder. Option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure through which urine passes from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is the ureters. These are tube-like structures that originate at the renal pelvis of each kidney and travel down to the bladder.
The ureters are composed of smooth muscle and lined with transitional epithelium, allowing them to contract and move urine to the bladder effectively by peristalsis. Hence, the correct answer to the question is 'd. Ureters'.
Answering the other questions: False, the renal pelvis is not a bone; it is part of the kidney where urine collects before it is passed to the ureter.
If someone has a large kidney stone that prevents urine from reaching the bladder, the kidney stone would most likely be located in the ureter since this is the path urine takes to get from the kidney to the bladder.
Lastly, the descriptions for the structures would be matched as follows:
the urethra is the tube through which urine is excreted outside of the body, the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney consisting of the glomerulus, the renal tubule, and an associated capillary network, the ureters are responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder, and the urinary bladder stores urine before excretion.
So option b.