Final answer:
Urine should be observed against a white background with letter print for the degree of transparency. This helps detect changing colors or particulate matter indicating possible health issues. Urochrome is the yellow pigment mainly responsible for the normal color of urine. The correct option is d.
Step-by-step explanation:
When observing urine for the degree of transparency, it should be held up against a white background with letter print. This background allows for easy detection of color changes or the presence of particulate matter in the urine.
Normal urine is typically clear and transparent, and any cloudiness or particles may indicate the presence of substances such as pus, blood, bacteria, or crystals. A white background with lettering assists in making any deviations from normal transparency more visible.
Urine transparency is an important aspect of urinalysis, which can provide valuable clues to renal and systemic diseases. Conditions like diabetes mellitus can cause polyuria, or the production of large quantities of urine, which can affect the urine's concentration and appearance.
The color of urine is mostly determined by the presence of the yellow pigment called urochrome. This pigment is a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Abnormal urine color and changes in transparency can signal different health issues, making it a significant diagnostic tool for health professionals. The correct option is d.