Final answer:
The serology test described is an ELISA, which is used to detect the presence of an antigen within a sample with high sensitivity and specificity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The serology test described in the question is an example of a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this type of test, antibodies are bound to a solid matrix to capture the antigen of interest. A patient sample that may contain the antigen is then added.
If the antigen is present, it will attach to the specific antibodies on the matrix. Following this, an enzyme-labeled antibody is introduced.
After another washing step, a colorless substrate is added, which the enzyme converts into a colored product if the antigen-antibody complex has formed, indicating the presence of the antigen. This test is particularly sensitive and allows for the precise quantification of the antigen within a sample.