Final answer:
Experimental studies with G-proteins involve cholera toxin and botulinum toxin, both of which illustrate the disruption of cellular functions by modifying G-protein activities, causing diseases like cholera and botulism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Experimental studies with G-proteins often involve two well-known bacterial toxins: cholera toxin and botulinum toxin. These toxins, produced by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae and Clostridium botulinum respectively, have been essential in understanding the role of G-proteins in cellular function.
Cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, consists of an A subunit and five B subunits. Its B subunits bind to intestinal epithelial cell receptors and ultimately result in the activation of adenyl cyclase, leading to excessive fluid and electrolyte secretion. On the other hand, botulinum toxin (BONT), primarily associated with Clostridium botulinum, is a neural exotoxin that severely disrupts nerve function. It's important to note that these toxins are classified as A-B exotoxins, where 'A' indicates activity and 'B' represents binding. Pathogenic bacteria harness these toxins to disrupt host cellular functions, causing diseases like cholera and botulism.