Final answer:
Piaget linked moral reasoning to cognitive development while Kohlberg emphasized social influences at the conventional level, and both their theories have influenced our understanding of moral reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Piaget believed that advances in children's moral reasoning are based on their cognitive development and their active role in learning about the world. Simply put, as children grow and mature, they construct an understanding of what is right and wrong through their interactions. In Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development, choice c) is accurate: Children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral. During this stage, individuals begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models and are influenced by what is socially acceptable or what is expected by those around them. They are not just responding to direct consequences for themselves but also taking into account the perspectives of others and the need to uphold social order. It should also be noted that Kohlberg's theory has been critiqued for its potential gender bias and for placing too much emphasis on moral thought as opposed to moral behavior. For instance, Carol Gilligan argued that females might approach moral reasoning differently, focusing more on interpersonal relationships rather than justice-based ethics.