Final answer:
An intense, relatively short-lived feeling is referred to as an emotion, which is consciously experienced and occurs in response to a specific event, unlike a mood which is less intense and more prolonged.
Step-by-step explanation:
An intense, relatively short-lived feeling is called an emotion. Emotions are subjective, affective states that are typically intense and occur in response to experiences. They are consciously experienced and intentional. By contrast, a mood refers to a prolonged, less intense affective state that does not occur in response to something we directly experience and may not be consciously recognized. Unlike emotions, moods do not carry the same intentionality. For example, the emotion of anger can cause physical sensations such as a racing heart, indicative of its intensity and short-lived nature.