A chromosome pair consists of homologous chromosomes and chromosome has sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
Pairs of chromosomes with similar genetic information are referred to as homologs or homologous chromosomes. Each parent contributes one chromosome to a homologous pair. The genetic material is made up of Watson and Crick double-strand DNA molecules, which are found on these chromosomes. Sister chromatids are bound together by the centromere, a unique area.
Sister chromatids, which are created during DNA replication, are two identical copies of a single chromosome. The centromere connects these chromatids. There are thus two sets of Watson and Crick double-strand DNA molecules in each homologous chromosome, one set in each sister chromatid. The proper transmission of genetic information during cell division is ensured by this genetic architecture.