Final answer:
Augustus' building program in Rome was aimed at beautifying the city, transforming it from a city of brick to one of marble, and included the establishment of institutions like the Praetorian Guard and a fire department. These efforts were part of his larger political and social strategy to promote stability, Roman culture, and his own authority as princeps.
Step-by-step explanation:
Main Characteristics of Augustus' Building Program in Rome
The building program initiated by Emperor Augustus in Rome was centered around a transformation of the city's aesthetic and functional purposes. Augustus took on an ambitious plan to refurbish Rome, claiming to turn it from a city of brick into a city of marble. A prime example of this transformation is the Ara Pacis, dedicated to the peace that Augustus had brought to the Roman Empire after years of turmoil. His projects were deeply connected to his political and ideological campaign, aiming to reinforce the message that he had restored the Roman Republic, positioning himself as the princeps, or first citizen, rather than a king.
Furthermore, the urban landscape of Rome was strategically enhanced with monumental architecture, a method that also served the purpose of providing jobs for the poor. The program extended beyond aesthetics and employment, as Augustus also established vital institutions for the city's well-being such as a permanent police force, the Praetorian Guard, and a dedicated fire department. Additionally, he implemented social programs like the distribution of free grain, and funded public entertainment to win the favor of the populace. These initiatives were part of a larger campaign of 'Romanization' across the empire. Augustus's reforms also included a reformed taxation system, the development of infrastructure like roads, a standing army, and subsequently promoting Roman culture and political systems in the provinces.