Final answer:
Emperor Nero was instrumental in incorporating advanced concrete construction into Roman architecture with the building of his Domus Aurea. Architects Severus and Celer utilized concrete in innovative ways in the villa, paving the way for grand structures like the Colosseum and the Pantheon.
Step-by-step explanation:
The emperor who introduced sophisticated concrete construction into Rome with his Domus Aurea was Nero. After a devastating fire in 64 CE, Nero seized the opportunity to build the grand villa known as the Golden House, which expanded the use of concrete not just structurally but also aesthetically. The architects Severus and Celer are celebrated for their innovative use of concrete, which included features like barrel vaults and domes, revolutionizing Roman architecture.
These architectural advancements were continued by subsequent emperors like Vespasian, who transformed parts of Nero's property into public buildings for leisure such as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum), and by Hadrian, whose time saw the creation of the majestic Pantheon. The use of concrete and development of structures like arches, vaults, and domes allowed for large scale constructions and contributed significantly to the success story of Roman architecture and engineering.