Final answer:
The belief that external forces control one's fate is known as having an external locus of control. This contrasts with the belief that one controls their own destiny, associated with an internal locus of control. The Just-World Hypothesis provides a different view, implying fairness in life outcomes based on behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The belief that the situation, rewards, and fate are controlled by external forces is often described as having an external locus of control. This is contrasted with the belief that we control our own outcomes, known as an internal locus of control. Individuals who adopt an external locus of control may attribute their successes and failures to luck, fate, or the actions of others, thereby believing that outcomes are beyond their control.
Throughout the 20th Century, many people have grappled with conflicting beliefs about freedom and control. On one hand, there's the notion that individuals are responsible for their choices and actions. On the other hand, there exists a belief in forces such as fate or destiny that are thought to be beyond human control. The Just-World Hypothesis somewhat counters this by suggesting that good people are rewarded and bad people are punished, providing a sense of predictability and control over one's life.
However, research indicates that those who have an internal locus of control, believing that they influence their own life outcomes, tend to be healthier, cope better, and be less prone to depression than those with an external locus of control. It is a significant aspect of personal belief systems that impacts how people interpret their experiences and engage with the world around them.