Final answer:
Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, believed in the unconscious mind like Freud but introduced the concept of the collective unconscious, differing from Freud's emphasis on sexual drives. Jung's theory encompasses universal archetypes within the collective unconscious that are shared across humanity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carl Jung and the Collective Unconscious
Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and protégé of Freud, believed in the unconscious mind but placed less emphasis on sexual feelings compared to Freud. Jung instead pioneered the concept of the collective unconscious. He posited that this is a layer of the unconscious that is shared by all people, containing innate elements he termed archetypes. Unlike Sigmund Freud, who focused on individual emotional struggles tied to sexual drives and childhood experiences, Jung's analytical psychology aimed at balancing the conscious and the unconscious, integrating them to strengthen the personality. Jung believed that symbols in dreams tap into the collective unconscious, hosting contents shared among human beings across cultures and times.
Jung and Freud shared an interest in the unconscious mind, but their foundational ideas diverged significantly. While Freud developed psychoanalytic theory, utilizing techniques such as dream analysis and slips of the tongue to access individual unconscious material, Jung expanded on these ideas by introducing the concept of a universal unconscious that influences all of humanity.