Final answer:
The brain system for filing and retrieving information involves encoding, storing, and recalling memories, with the cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala playing key roles in these processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brain's system for filing away new knowledge and retrieving previously learned information is akin to a vast and complex internal file cabinet. This process involves encoding, which is how we input information into the memory system. During encoding, sensory information from our environment gets labeled or coded and then organized, often being integrated with existing knowledge. Strong emotional experiences can enhance this process, creating more vivid and enduring memories, a phenomenon known as flashbulb memory.
After encoding, information must be stored. The brain's storage capacity is immense, allowing for a permanent record of information. This is critical for retaining knowledge over time. Lastly, retrieval is the capacity to access stored information. Like how we might retrieve a document from a computer's hard drive, we can recall memories for use in our daily activities, ranging from basic tasks to complex problem-solving.
Key areas of the brain involved in these functions include the cerebellum for procedural memories, the hippocampus for encoding new memories, and the amygdala for emotional memory processing. This triad collaborates efficiently to ensure our memories are not only stored but also can be retrieved whenever necessary.