Final answer:
An ionic bond is formed through the transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal atom, leading to the creation of positively and negatively charged ions. These ions are held together by electrostatic forces to form neutral ionic compounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
An ionic bond between two atoms is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. This electron transfer typically occurs between a metal atom, which has a lower electronegativity and thus a tendency to donate electrons, and a nonmetal atom with higher electronegativity that readily accepts electrons. The metal atom becomes a positively charged ion, known as a cation, while the nonmetal atom becomes a negatively charged ion, known as an anion.
Once these charged ions are formed, they are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction, creating an ionic compound with a neutral overall charge such as sodium chloride (table salt). The stability of these compounds arises from the filled valence shells of the constituent ions, forming stable and less reactive substances.
The ionic bond is distinct from a covalent bond, where electrons are shared between atoms rather than transferred. Ionic bonding is essential for the structure of many minerals and compounds that we use in daily life.