Final answer:
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation, starting from basic survival needs and progressing to higher levels like self-actualization and self-transcendence, which are about achieving full potential and contributing beyond oneself.
Step-by-step explanation:
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation that describes human needs in a prearranged hierarchy wherein basic needs must be satisfied before individuals can attend to higher-level needs. At the base of this hierarchical pyramid lie physiological needs essential for survival, such as food and shelter. Once these basic needs are met, individuals can address safety needs, followed by social needs for love and belonging, esteem needs for self-worth, and finally, the need for self-actualization, where a person achieves their full potential. It's important to note that Maslow later added a level above self-actualization known as self-transcendence, which involves pursuits beyond personal needs, seeking meaning, and contributing to the welfare of others. Humanistic psychologists have emphasized this holistic approach, dealing with human motivation and the potential for personal growth.