Final answer:
Bob can gather a variety of information from a Zenmap scan during a penetration test, such as the presence and potential location of firewalls and intrusion detection systems, based on responses to his scan. Determination of the specific details like the presence of a firewall or IDS requires analyzing the actual Zenmap output. Without more details, it's not possible to choose the correct answer from the given options.
Step-by-step explanation:
During an on-site penetration test of a small business, when Bob scans outward to a known host to determine the outbound network topology using Zenmap, he can gather various types of information depending on the results provided.
Zenmap is a graphical user interface for nmap, which is a network scanning tool that can discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus creating a map of the network. The scan results can indicate the presence of devices such as routers, switches, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) based on the responses to various types of scan techniques.
For instance, if certain ports are closed or if responses are being generated in a certain manner, it might suggest the presence of a firewall at a specific IP address. If a series of probes are being dropped or if there are modified responses to the scans, this might imply an IDS is at play, potentially identifying its address.
However, without the actual output from Zenmap and knowing what kind of scan was conducted, it is not possible to select the correct answer from the given options. Therefore, without more specific information, Bob should continue to carefully scan and analyze the network within the scope of his penetration testing engagement.