Question

According to the DSM-IV-TR, all of the following are criteria for psychoactive substance dependence EXCEPT:

A. Substance often taken in larger amounts than the person intended.
B. Marked lack of initiative, interest or energy.
C. Frequent intoxication when expected to fulfill major role obligations.
D. One or more unsuccessful efforts to cut down substance use.

Answer 1

The DSM-IV-TR criteria for psychoactive substance dependence does not specifically include marked lack of initiative, interest, or energy as a criterion. The criteria emphasize aspects such as compulsive use, larger amounts than intended, and use despite major role obligations.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to the DSM-IV-TR, all of the following are criteria for psychoactive substance dependence EXCEPT:

• Substance often taken in larger amounts than the person intended.
• Marked lack of initiative, interest or energy.
• Frequent intoxication when expected to fulfill major role obligations.
• One or more unsuccessful efforts to cut down substance use.

The correct answer is marked lack of initiative, interest, or energy. This symptom by itself is not specific to substance dependence according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria. Symptoms of dependence focus more on compulsive use of a substance, efforts to cut down on usage, taking larger amounts than intended, and fulfilling major role obligations despite intoxication, rather than a lack of initiative or energy.