Final answer:
The statement is true; Theory X and Theory Y encapsulate distinct managerial perceptions of employees which significantly influence their management styles, with Theory X viewing employees as lazy and needing supervision, and Theory Y seeing them as motivated and seeking work satisfaction. The correct option is a. True
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Theory X and Theory Y are based on the premise that managers perceive employees differently and that these perceptions affect how they treat employees, is true. Theory X and Theory Y are concepts developed by Douglas McGregor in 1960, representing two very different managerial styles.
Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy, require supervision, and need to be coerced through threats and punishment to achieve organizational goals. In contrast, Theory Y suggests that employees are self-motivated, seek fulfillment in their work, and are capable of self-direction and creativity.
A Theory Y management style allows employees to provide input on their work and encourages involvement in decision-making processes.
Telecommuting, where employees have the flexibility to set their own hours, is one example of a Theory Y practice, as it typically implies a level of trust in the employees to manage their own time effectively.
Conversely, a Theory X workplace often includes stringent rules and direct supervision, reflecting a lack of trust in employee self-regulation.
Understanding and applying the right balance of Theory X and Theory Y approaches can depend on the organization's context, culture, and individual employee differences. The correct option is a. True