Final answer:
The correct statement regarding the cornea is that it is the anterior transparent portion of the tunica fibrosa (option B), part of the eye's fibrous outer layer that allows light to enter the eye.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is characteristic of the cornea is (B) It is the anterior transparent portion of the tunica fibrosa. The cornea is part of the eye's outer layer, the fibrous tunic which also includes the white sclera. Unlike the sclera, the cornea is clear and allows light to enter the eye, playing a critical role in focusing vision. The vascular tunic, mentioned in option A, is the eye's middle layer consisting of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris, which is not where the cornea is located.
Option C states that the cornea forms the anterior boundary of the posterior chamber of the eye, which is incorrect. Lastly, option D is incorrect because the cornea is densely innervated, meaning it has plenty of nerve endings, making it highly sensitive to pain.