Question

In the United States, middle and upper class citizens seem to want a counselor who

a) will give them a "good talking to
b) gives a specific and steady stream of advice
c) helps them work it out on their own
d) is highly authoritarian and autocratic

Answer 1

Middle and upper class Americans typically prefer a counselor who assists them in working through issues independently, reflecting the values of authoritative parenting that are prevalent in American culture, yet vary across different cultural contexts.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the United States, middle and upper-class citizens generally prefer a counselor who helps them work it out on their own. This preference aligns with the authoritative parenting style, which emphasizes reasonable demands, consistent limits, warmth, affection, and the consideration of the child's point of view. Diana Baumrind's research suggests that this style encourages high self-esteem and social skills, which are valued in American society. However, it's important to note that preferences for counseling styles and parenting may vary across different cultures and societal expectations.

Authoritative parenting is differentiated from authoritarian parenting, which is characterized by high demands for conformity and obedience, strict rules, and less warmth expressed toward the children. However, research indicates that in some cultures, such as among first-generation Chinese Americans, the authoritarian style can be as beneficial for children's school success as the authoritative style. Therefore, the preference in counseling reflects a broader tendency in American culture towards individual autonomy and support rather than directive or autocratic approaches.