Final answer:
In 1848, France abolished the monarchy and established a republic with universal manhood suffrage following the abdication of King Louis-Philippe, leading to significant democratic reforms grounded in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Step-by-step explanation:
France abolished the monarchy and became a republic with universal manhood suffrage in the year 1848. This historical shift occurred after the abdication of King Louis-Philippe amidst political turmoil and public unrest. A provisional government was established, and it declared a new republic, which was solidified with the ratification of a new constitution that called for universal manhood suffrage, a representative assembly, and a popularly elected president. Furthermore, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen upheld natural rights and mandated representative government, marking a significant move away from monarchical authority and towards democratic principles. The changes in France were a significant part of the broader democratic trends of the 19th century, including the transition to universal white suffrage in other countries.