Final answer:
The French Revolution included the overthrow of an absolute monarch, spread of revolutionary ideas, conquest by France under Napoleon, and constitutional limits on traditional governments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The French Revolution is often considered the beginning of modern European history. It included the following:
- The overthrow and eventual execution of an absolute monarch: The revolution aimed to remove the absolute rule of King Louis XVI and establish a more representative government.
- The spread of revolutionary ideas throughout Europe: The French Revolution inspired similar movements in other European countries, advocating for political and social change.
- The conquest of much of Europe by the French under Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte, a military leader who emerged during the revolution, expanded French territory through military campaigns.
- Constitutional limits on traditional governments: The French Revolution led to the adoption of a constitution that established a new system of government, limiting the power of the monarchy.
Therefore, the correct answer is E) All of these.