Question

In translation, if the synthesized protein is destined for the nucleus, chloroplast, mitrochondrial, or to stay in the cytosol:

Answer 1

Proteins destined for the nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria contain specific signals that direct them accordingly, while mitochondrial proteins are directed to the mitochondria post-translationally through a signal peptide.

Step-by-step explanation:

In translation, if the synthesized protein is destined for the nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, or to remain in the cytosol, various targeting signals and pathways direct the protein to its appropriate location. All proteins are initially encoded in the nucleus and synthesized in the cytosol. Those meant for the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts contain specific oligopeptide sequences that act as traffic signals, steering them to their correct destinations. Mitochondrial protein traffic is mostly post-translational, where proteins fold in the cytosol and expose a signal peptide recognized by receptors on the mitochondrial surface.

Answer 2

In translation, proteins can be destined for the nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, or cytosol. Proteins destined for the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria have specific targeting signals. Some proteins remain in the cytosol.

Step-by-step explanation:

In translation, the synthesized protein can be destined for the nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, or to stay in the cytosol. Proteins that are destined for the nucleus are first synthesized in the cytosol and then undergo nuclear import. They contain oligopeptide traffic signals that direct them to the nucleus through nuclear pores.

Proteins destined for chloroplasts and mitochondria are synthesized in the cytosol as well, but they have specific targeting signals. Chloroplast proteins have an N-terminal signal peptide that recognizes and binds to a receptor protein at the outer chloroplast membrane. Similarly, mitochondrial proteins have an N-terminal signal peptide that binds to a receptor protein at the outer mitochondrial membrane. On the other hand, some proteins remain in the cytosol and do not have specific targeting signals. These proteins serve various functions within the cytosol.