Final answer:
The CNS is supported by four primary types of neuroglial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, each with distinct responsibilities crucial for the health and functionality of the CNS.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central nervous system (CNS) is supported by four main types of neuroglial or glial cells. These cells are crucial for maintaining the health and functionality of the nervous system, and each type has a specific set of functions:
- Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells that maintain the chemical environment, assist in repairing the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries, and form part of the blood-brain barrier.
- Oligodendrocytes: Responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath in the CNS that insulates axons and speeds up the transmission of electrical signals.
- Microglia: Act as the immune cells of the CNS, scavenging pathogens and dead cells.
- Ependymal cells: Line brain ventricles and the spinal cord canal to produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which cushions the brain and spinal cord and removes waste.
Together, these neuroglial cells play pivotal roles in supporting neuronal function, protecting the CNS, and maintaining homeostasis.