Final answer:
The interaction not involved in the binding of a substrate to an enzyme is C. A permanent covalent bond, as enzymes use reversible interactions to catalyze reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of interaction not involved in the binding of a substrate to a normally functioning enzyme is C. A permanent covalent bond. Enzymes typically facilitate reactions without forming permanent covalent bonds between themselves and the substrates. Instead, they use a variety of weaker, reversible interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions to bind substrates and catalyze reactions. Permanent covalent bonds would not allow for the fast release of the product which is essential for the functioning of an enzyme in catalytic cycles.
The kind of interaction that is NOT involved in the binding of a substrate to a normally functioning enzyme is C. A permanent covalent bond. Enzyme-substrate binding is typically reversible and involves weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions allow the enzyme to catalyze the reaction by stabilizing the transition state and facilitating substrate binding.