Final answer:
The reaction between ammonia and water forms ammonium and hydroxide ions, represented by the equation NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇒ NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq), without the need for coefficients due to the balanced 1:1 ratio. Factors such as temperature changes can influence the equilibrium between reactants and products. The stoichiometry from the balanced equation shows a 1:3:2 ratio for nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reaction of ammonia with water to form ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH–) is represented by the chemical equation NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇒ NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq). This reaction does not require coefficients because each reactant and each product already balances in a 1:1 ratio. The process by which ammonia reacts with water is a type of hydrolysis, and ammonia is known as a weak base in this reaction.
Factors that could increase the conversion of ammonia to ammonium ions include decreasing the temperature or adding more ammonia into the system. Changes in temperature can affect the equilibrium constant as seen in various reported equilibrium constants, implying an impact on the concentration of the reactants and products within a dynamic equilibrium. For example, an increase in temperature typically favors the endothermic direction of a reversible reaction.
From a stoichiometry standpoint, we know from the balanced equation that 1 molecule of nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of hydrogen to form 2 molecules of ammonia, and vice versa, the ratio can be scaled up for larger amounts.