Final answer:
The component of peptidyl transferase that catalyzes the bond formation between adjacent amino acids during peptidyl transfer is the rRNA ribozyme.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of peptidyl transferase that catalyzes the bond formation between adjacent amino acids during peptidyl transfer is the rRNA ribozyme. Peptidyl transferase is an RNA-based enzyme that is integrated into the 50S ribosomal subunit and is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds. This process occurs during translation, where amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain based on the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA.