Final answer:
The amino acid carried by the tRNA molecule with an anticodon of 3'-GCA-5' is Alanine (Ala), which corresponds to the mRNA codon 5'-UGC-3'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amino acid that corresponds to the anticodon sequence of 3'-GCA-5' on a tRNA molecule is Alanine (Ala). The mRNA codon that pairs with this anticodon is 5'-UGC-3', according to the complementary base-pairing rules where adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).
Since the mRNA codon for Alanine can be either GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG, the tRNA carrying Alanine will have one of the complementary anticodons UCG, UCC, UCA, or UCU. In this case, the anticodon GCA on tRNA will match the GCU codon on mRNA, thus the tRNA with the 3'-GCA-5' anticodon would carry the amino acid Alanine to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
The anticodon 3'-GCA-5' corresponds to the codon 5'-CGU-3', which codes for the amino acid arginine. Therefore, the amino acid carried by the transfer RNA with the given anticodon sequence is arginine.