Final answer:
During translation, tRNAs bind to the specific A, P, and E sites on the ribosome to ensure correct incorporation of amino acids into the protein being synthesized.
Step-by-step explanation:
During translation, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) bind to specific regions on the ribosome, called the aminoacyl (A), peptidyl (P), and exit (E) sites respectively.
Translation involves the conversion of the genetic code in mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids to form proteins.
Each tRNA has an anticodon region that pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain.
As explained in Figure 16.19 from the reference material, after the initiator tRNA binds to the P site, the second tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the A site.
The ribosome facilitates the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids attached to tRNAs in the P and A sites.
Subsequently, during translocation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, bringing a new codon into register with the A site, allowing the cyclic process of elongation to continue until a stop codon is reached, ending the translation.