Final answer:
Inheritance patterns for characteristics in Pedigree 2 may include autosomal dominance, autosomal recessiveness, X-linked dominance, and X-linked recessiveness. Recessive X-linked alleles are always expressed in males because they have a single X chromosome, while females must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait.
Step-by-step explanation:
Possible Inheritance Patterns in Pedigree 2
The possible inheritance patterns for the characteristics that resemble a human figure in Pedigree 2 may include autosomal dominance, autosomal recessiveness, X-linked dominance, X-linked recessiveness, incomplete dominance, codominance, and lethality. For X-linked recessiveness, a recessive X-linked allele is always expressed in males because they have only one X chromosome. However, for a recessive X-linked allele to be expressed in females, they must inherit two copies of the recessive allele, one from each parent.
An example of an X-linked recessive trait is color blindness. Color blindness is more often expressed in males due to the inheritance of a single recessive allele on the X chromosome. In females, two recessive alleles, one on each of their X chromosomes, are necessary for the trait to manifest.