Final answer:
The frequency of allele B is 0.70 and that that of allele b is 0.30 in the population. The b^A and b^S alleles refer to the normal and sickle cell alleles, typically with different base pairs due to mutation. Negative selection pressures may influence allele frequencies but can be minimal for co-dominant alleles with no adverse effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the frequency of alleles B and b in the population's gene pool, we can use the genotype numbers provided. In a population of 50 individuals with genotypes BB = 30, Bb = 10, and bb = 10, each individual has two alleles for the gene in question. The total number of B and b alleles in the population will therefore be:
- Total B alleles = (2 alleles * 30 BB) + (1 allele * 10 Bb) = 60 + 10 = 70
- Total b alleles = (2 alleles * 10 bb) + (1 allele * 10 Bb) = 20 + 10 = 30
The total number of alleles in the gene pool is 100 (50 individuals * 2 alleles each). The frequency of allele B is 70/100 = 0.70, and the frequency of allele b is 30/100 = 0.30.
However, since the question specifically asks about the bA and bS alleles, which refer to the normal and sickle cell alleles of the hemoglobin gene, additional information regarding their size isn't provided as the question is likely missing context. Typically, the sickle cell gene (HbS) has a different number of base pairs due to a mutation when compared to the normal gene (HbA). This mutation can result in different lengths of DNA fragments when cut by specific enzymes and analyzed by gel electrophoresis.
Selection Pressures on Genes
Negative selection pressures may have influenced the evolution of genes, such as those coding for different blood types or the sickle cell gene mutation. Selection pressures can lead to changes in allele frequencies within populations over time. For genes coding for A and B blood types, negative selection could be minimal since both alleles are co-dominant and do not result in deleterious effects on an individual's primary structure or function of the hemoglobin protein.